UNHRC

The United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) is an intergovernmental body within the United Nations (UN) system responsible for strengthening the promotion and protection of human rights around the world. It was established in 2006, replacing the former UN Commission on Human Rights, which had faced criticism for inefficiency and political bias.

Key Functions of the UNHRC:
Promoting Human Rights:

Works to advance global human rights standards.

Raises awareness about violations and supports education on human rights.

Addressing Violations:

Investigates and responds to human rights abuses worldwide.

Holds urgent debates on crises (e.g., war crimes, discrimination, repression).

Universal Periodic Review (UPR):

Regularly assesses the human rights records of all 193 UN member states.

Encourages countries to improve their human rights practices.

Special Procedures:

Appoints independent experts (rapporteurs, working groups) to monitor specific issues (e.g., freedom of expression, torture, women's rights).

Advisory Role:

Provides recommendations to the UN General Assembly for further action.

Structure & Membership:
47 member states, elected by the UN General Assembly for three-year terms.

Seats are distributed among regional groups (Africa, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe).

Some controversial members (e.g., China, Russia, Saudi Arabia) have been criticized for their own human rights records.

Notable Actions:
Investigated abuses in Syria, Myanmar, North Korea, and Yemen.

Established commissions of inquiry for war crimes in Ukraine (after Russia’s invasion).

Addresses issues like climate change, LGBTQ+ rights, and racial justice.

Difference from Other Bodies:
Unlike the International Criminal Court (ICC), the UNHRC cannot prosecute individuals but can recommend sanctions or UN action.

Works alongside OHCHR (Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights), which implements its policies.

The UNHRC remains a key platform for human rights advocacy, though its impact depends on political will and cooperation from member states.